• Of xenobiotic quinones thymoquinone methyl isopropyl benzoqu

  2021-10-29

  

  Of xenobiotic quinones, thymoquinone (2-methyl-5-isopropyl-1,4-benzoquinone; Fig. 1) is one of the most thoroughly studied for its pharmacological properties. It is the most active component of Nigella sativa, commonly called black cumin2, 3, the essential oil of the seeds of which are used for trea

• Over the last few years experimental evidence

  2021-10-29

  

  Over the last few years, experimental evidence for the involvement of Epac1 in cancer progression is beginning to emerge (Almahariq et al., 2015, Banerjee and Cheng, 2015, Parnell et al., 2015, Parnell et al., 2015, Schmidt et al., 2013). For example in melanoma cells, silencing of Epac1 attenuates

• We recently reported that the human

  2021-10-29

  

  We recently reported that the human-derived PancCa cell line PANC-1 and the human-derived hepatocellular HepG2 cell line express GPR55 mRNA and protein [21]. In PANC-1 and HepG2 cells, knockdown of GPR55 with specific siRNAs abrogates cellular uptake of Tocrifluor 1117, a selective GPR55 ligand [21]

• The unique mechanism of EAAT anion channel gating results

  2021-10-29

  

  The unique mechanism of EAAT anion channel gating results in neuronal or glial anion conductances that follow changes in substrate concentrations and thus allow feedback control of glutamate release (Wersinger et al., 2006) or modification of GABAergic postsynaptic currents by glutamatergic signals

• pHi regulation in astrocytes has been

  2021-10-29

  

  pHi regulation in astrocytes has been examined primarily in cell culture rather than in situ. Two HCO3−-dependent transporters, NBC and Na+-driven Cl-HCO3 exchange (NDCBE), have been described [10,16], in addition to Cl-HCO3 anion exchange (AE) [96]. Culture studies indicate that NHE is the principa

• The primary requirements of an

  2021-10-29

  

  The primary requirements of an ideal bioprobe for glucose transporter-mediated bioimaging include high specificity, sensitivity as well as low cytotoxicity [18]. According to these concepts, we recently reported the simple amide linked glycoconjugates which containing cyanine fluorophores (Cy3 and C

• The relationship between estrogen and the Hedgehog pathway a

  2021-10-29

  

  The relationship between estrogen and the Hedgehog pathway as well as the associated mechanism have already been investigated in many tissues, especially in breast cancer (Chang et al., 2012, Katayama et al., 2006, Ramaswamy et al., 2012). Hitherto, even though we have proved that HH-Gli pathway pro

• Introduction Initially postulated to represent the

  2021-10-29

  

  Introduction Initially postulated to represent the main source of ATP production in eukaryotic cells, mitochondria are recently recognized to perform manifold essential functions beyond energy production, impacting most areas of cell biology and medicine [1]. Mitochondrial metabolism is both the ba

• FGF signals can be transduced to the signaling cascades of

  2021-10-29

  

  FGF signals can be transduced to the signaling cascades of RAS-MAPK or PI3K-AKT through FRS2 and GRB2, to the pathways of PKC or PKD via PLCγ and DAG, and to Ca2+-releasing cascade via PLCγ and IP3, finally affecting cellular proliferation, cellular survival, and angiogenesis [48]. By increasing syn

• Through the analysis of various synthetic GPR agonists as re

  2021-10-29

  

  Through the analysis of various synthetic GPR40 agonists as reported in literature, we found that a number of these compounds contained a phenylpropanoic ethionamide motif which was inspired from naturally occurring medium to long chain fatty acids. For instance, in the early period of discovering T

• Valinomycin br Conflicts of interest br

  2021-10-29

  

  Conflicts of interest Funding This work was supported by the Higher Education Commission Pakistan start-up research grant to Anjum Riaz. Introduction Distraction osteogenesis (DO) is an endogenous tissue engineering technology used to repair skeletal including craniofacial deformities, in

• Serdemetan There have been a few studies

  2021-10-29

  

  There have been a few studies investigating the effects of histamine on mast cells but the majority of these has been on rodent and cultured mast cells (Hofstra et al., 2003, Lippert et al., 2004, Jemima et al., 2014). How representative these systems are of primary human cells is a moot point since

• The CRY protein contains a conserved photolyase homology reg

  2021-10-29

  

  The CRY1 protein contains a conserved photolyase homology region crucially involved in repression of CLOCK/BMAL1; a C-terminal helix also known as the predicted coiled coil (CC), which interacts with PER2 and FBXL3 in a mutually exclusive manner; and a C-terminal extension also referred to as the “t

• Cysteine Cys residues are frequently found to

  2021-10-28

  

  Cysteine (Cys) residues are frequently found to be highly conserved within functional, regulatory, catalytic, or binding sites of proteins. Thiol or thiolate chemistry imparts active sites with unique properties like nucleophilicity, high affinity metal binding, and disulfide bond assisted multimeri

• br Discovery of GPR A The murine niacin

  2021-10-28

  

  Discovery of GPR109A The murine niacin receptor, protein upregulated in macrophages by interferon-γ (PUMA-G), was identified as a G-protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) expressed in adipocytes and spleen [22], [23]. This finding suggested a role of this receptor in macrophage function [24]. In 2003, t

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