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br Origin of the vertebrate hexokinase gene family
2022-02-17
Origin of the vertebrate hexokinase gene family Multiple hexokinases have been found in vertebrates, plants and yeast (Wilson, 1995, Cárdenas et al., 1998). A hexokinase in both vertebrates and yeast has, unfortunately, been named glucokinase. The sharing of the name glucokinase has suggested to
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With the advent of genome sequencing hexokinase gene sequenc
2022-02-17
With the advent of genome sequencing, hexokinase gene sequences are now available from a far greater number of vertebrate species, as well as from diverse non-vertebrate animal species. As indicated above, searches of vertebrate genome sequences revealed the existence of a novel fifth member of the
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br Conclusions br Conflicts of Interest br Acknowledgments
2022-02-17
Conclusions Conflicts of Interest Acknowledgments The Section of Endocrinology and Investigative Medicine is funded by grants from the Medical Research Council (MRC), Biotechnology & Biological Sciences Research Council (BBSRC), National Institute for Health Research (NIHR), an Integrative
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The usefulness of GIP R antagonism for the
2022-02-17
The usefulness of GIP-R antagonism for the treatment of obesity-diabetes has been revealed in numerous studies employing knockout or chemical blockade of GIP-R signalling.*88, 89, *90, 91, 92, 93, 94, 95, 96, *97 For example, sub-chronic daily administration of (Pro3)GIP to ob/ob mice results in sig
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G quadruplex structures can be
2022-02-17
G-quadruplex structures can be resolved by helicases. Consistently, many helicases are aberrantly expressed in cancer Imiquimod hydrochloride [47]. In this study, we correlated HOXC10 expression with that of all helicases using a microarray dataset derived from 759 breast cancer patients [36] and di
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Recent studies have also identified
2022-02-16
Recent studies have also identified additional proteins that could act as scaffolds and promote the interaction of core Hippo pathway components. APC, which is best known as a key component of the β-catenin destruction complex, was observed in mammalian bradykinin receptor antagonist to have an add
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CD CD belong to the costimulatory
2022-02-16
CD80/CD86 belong to the costimulatory adhesion molecule family, which can activate T YM155 by the costimulatory pathway and have been used as indicators of DC maturation in numerous studies. In addition, MHC-II, as the principal component of antigen presentation, was significantly elevated after ant
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We acknowledge some important limitations to the
2022-02-16
We acknowledge some important limitations to the study. Given that SEER is a national database of abstracted clinical information, there is selection bias as to which patients underwent RS testing. As clinicians are selecting which patients to test, the RS distributions may not reflect the true dist
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fty720 In an effort to further improve
2022-02-16
In an effort to further improve the intrinsic potency, we evaluated the effect of the C4-substituent of the triazole (). Replacement of the phenyl group with a cyclohexyl or with a 2-pyridyl substituent led to losses in potency. Increasing the size of the substituent to a bi-phenyl or naphthyl gr
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In order to determine which complex of the electron
2022-02-16
In order to determine which complex of the electron transport chain is targeted by Authipyrin, a semi-intact assay was performed. The substrates of each complex were added separately in combination with Authipyrin or the respective control inhibitor. Seahorse XF plasma membrane permeabilizer (PMP) w
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It has been known for
2022-02-16
It has been known for some time that an oral salt load given to mammals induces a much greater natriuresis than the intravenous administration of an equivalent amount of saline (Carey et al., 1976, Singer et al., 1998). In addition, oral administration of salt to rats has been reported to augmented
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Given the involvement of dysregulated S nitrosylation in
2022-02-15
Given the involvement of dysregulated S-nitrosylation in multiple pathological conditions, a number of approaches to regulate S-nitrosylation therapeutically are being tried in multiple indications [18]. In the lung, GSNO releasing compounds and GSNOR inhibitors are being considered as potential the
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FOLE was recently approved for use
2022-02-15
FOLE was recently approved for use in PN-dependent patients in the United States. However, potential adverse effects of FOLE, including bleeding risk, and effects on the immune system [8], [39], render its use in certain patient populations controversial. Identification of key downstream modulators
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Indoximod A key limiting factor in the semi quantitative ana
2022-02-15
A key limiting factor in the semi-quantitative analysis of changes in the nuclear-to-cytoplasmic distribution of glucokinase is the large intercellular heterogeneity of Indoximod of glucokinase in both isolated hepatocytes in vitro and also in liver in vivo[13], [23], [24], [26], [36]. This necessi
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br Methods br Results br Discussion Previous work by the
2022-02-15
Methods Results Discussion Previous work by the Hirano group investigated the effect of GIP in murine atherosclerotic models and found infusion of GIP (1–42) by osmotic mini-pumps to decrease lesion size after 4 weeks in non-diabetic as well as in diabetic ApoE−/− mice [8], [9]. Mechanistic
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