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For most enolases fluoride acts as
2021-07-30
For most enolases, fluoride acts as an inhibitor, while Mg2+ is the most important metal activator. In yeast systems, metal cations and fluoride bind to enolase at the active center of the enzyme, forming a complex. The complex blocks the binding of substrates to the enzyme in yeast systems, thereby
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br Acknowledgments We thank our colleagues who have
2021-07-30
Acknowledgments We thank our colleagues who have contributed to our understanding of the Memantine hydrochloride and the structure and function of APC/C, and apologize to those whose work we were unable to cite here. We thank J. Rajan Prabu for making the movies showing APC/C conformational chan
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MicroRNA miRNA is a class of highly
2021-07-30
MicroRNA (miRNA) is a class of highly conserved, non-coding small molecules containing 19–25 nucleotides. miRNAs are involved in the regulation of genes associated with cancer development and progression and therefore can act as oncogenes, by contributing to tumor formation,17, 18 or as tumor suppre
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br Introduction O Methylguanine DNA methyltransferase MGMT
2021-07-30
Introduction O6-Methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase (MGMT) is a DNA-repair enzyme that specifically transfers alkyl adducts from the O6 position of guanine to the cysteine residue (Cys145) in its active site. In cancer cells, this ability of MGMT disrupts the cytotoxic actions of alkylating antic
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Several studies have indicated that ICT induces activation o
2021-07-30
Several studies have indicated that ICT induces activation of ERK and p38 kinase in a variety of cells. The ERK pathway was involved in and partly contributed to the neuroprotective effects in rat neuronal Guvacoline hydrobromide [14] and anticancer effects in several cancer cells [5], [7], [8]. IC
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br Conclusion The results of the current study show that
2021-07-30
Conclusion The results of the current study show that boldness is associated with higher gene expression of drd2a, drd2b and oprd1b in zebrafish males. The results are correlational and additional experiments are needed to clarify the causal role of these receptors in zebrafish behavior. Confl
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br Conclusions In this paper we describe the
2021-07-30
Conclusions In this paper we describe the recombinant expression and characterization of ParI, a C5-DNA-MTase from P. arcticus 273–4. To our knowledge, this is the first characterization of an orphan C5-DNA-MTase from a psychrophilic bacterium. The C5-DNA-MTase could not be expressed in regular E
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We found that both DDR and DDR ECD increased matrix
2021-07-30
We found that both DDR1 and DDR2 ECD increased matrix mineralization as compared to native cells, with the effect of DDR2 ECD being more prominent. Both soluble (DDR2/ECD) and membrane-bound DDR2 ECD (DDR2/-KD), when compared to wild-type cells, induced larger mineral deposits. In this regard, a rec
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br Materials and methods br Results br Discussion
2021-07-30
Materials and methods Results Discussion Our study assessed the cytokine and chemokine changes associated with first onset PP as compared to HP and HNP groups. In the monocytes/ macrophages/ dendritic CP 31398 dihydrochloride synthesis panel, IL-6 levels were found to be significantly elev
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br Introduction Sphingolipids are ubiquitous membrane compon
2021-07-30
Introduction Sphingolipids are ubiquitous membrane components of all eukaryotic cells belonging to a group of complex lipids. The basic structure of sphingolipids is composed of a sphingoid long chain base (LCB) linked to a fatty DMOG via an amide bond to form a ceramide [1]. In animals, sphingo
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Proteases as multifunctional enzymes play key roles
2021-07-30
Proteases, as multifunctional enzymes, play key roles in controlling a wide variety of cellular and extracellular processes in plants and animals, including protein degradation and processing, germination, complement activation, inflammation, responses to environmental stimuli, senescence and so on.
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Recently a sandwich cultured hepatocyte model has
2021-07-30
Recently, a sandwich-cultured hepatocyte model has been proved to be a valuable in vitro system that maintains specific hepatic cytomorphology and function relevant to drug metabolism, disposition and toxicity, and thus, closely resembles the in vivo setting. This hepatocyte model was recognized as
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Acknowledgments br PGD is an aracha
2021-07-30
Acknowledgments PGD is an arachadonic acid-derived prostaglandin produced in large quantities when asthmatic lung tissues are challenged by allergens. PGD contracts the airway tissue as well as stimulating an inflammatory response. PGD was also found to be the ligand for a second receptor, DP2 (
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br Materials and methods br
2021-07-30
Materials and methods Acknowledgements We thank Drs. Nathan Sherer (University of Wisconsin-Madison) and Bryan Cullen (Duke University) for generous reagent gifts. The following reagent was obtained through the NIH AIDS Reagent Program, Division of AIDS, NIAID, NIH: HIV-2ROD phage from Dr. Ron
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Transduction of cellular signals by G protein coupled
2021-07-30
Transduction of cellular signals by G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) is stringently regulated to prevent the deleterious effects of unrestrained GPCR signaling. The rapid termination of signaling mediated by agonist-occupied GPCRs is referred to as homologous desensitization and involves the foll
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